What Are Pelvic Pains?

Pain of varying intensity in the lower abdominal region (lower part of the tummy) is known as pelvic pain. Pelvic pains may come on suddenly (acute presentation) or there may be sporadic or constant pain lasting 6 months or longer (chronic pelvic pain).

Pelvic pain can significantly affect daily life and overall health. Stick with us to learn all the facts about pelvic pain, its causes, and how it can impact your well-being.

Pelvic Pain Causes

Pelvic pain causes are several. Some may require immediate intervention, while others may not be so severe. Chronic pelvic pain may often result from multiple factors.

Pelvic pain usually refers to pain in the lower abdominal or reproductive organs of women, though it is not gender-specific. Both women and men can suffer from pelvic pain.

Pelvic Pain in Women

Pelvic pain in women may result from menstruation, pregnancy, or problems involving the reproductive organs.

  • Menstrual Pain: Many women experience pelvic pain during menstruation or related symptoms like Mittelschmerz (pain during ovulation).
  • Pregnancy-Related Causes: Pelvic pain can arise due to complications such as premature labor, ectopic pregnancy, or miscarriage.
  • Reproductive System Disorders: Conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts, fibroids, or reproductive cancers (ovarian, uterine, cervical) can all cause pelvic pain

Pelvic Pain in Men

Pelvic pain in men may stem from a variety of causes, including:

  • Prostatitis or prostate cancer
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Kidney stones
  • Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
  • Testicular conditions (e.g., torsion or injury)
  • Trauma or injury to muscles and bones in the pelvic area

Pelvic Pain Symptoms

The symptoms of pelvic pain vary depending on the underlying cause. Common symptoms and their associations include:

  • Pelvic pain with vaginal bleeding or discharge: May indicate infection, inflammation, or malignancy.
    Menstrual pain: Often involves the lower abdomen and pelvic region and is considered normal unless severe or prolonged.
  • Pelvic pain with urinary symptoms: Painful urination or blood in urine could point to urinary tract infections or kidney stones.
  • Pelvic pain with digestive symptoms: Constipation, bloating, or diarrhea might indicate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • Acute pelvic pain with fever and chills: Conditions like peritonitis or appendicitis may present with these symptoms and require immediate medical attention.

While pelvic pain is not always a cause for concern, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional if the pain persists or worsens. You can book an appointment with our experienced team at British Cyprus IVF Hospital for a thorough evaluation.

Pelvic Pain During Pregnancy

Pelvic pain during pregnancy is referred to as pelvic girdle pain or pubic symphysis dysfunction. It is typically caused by:

  • Weight gain
  • Uterine growth
  • Relaxation of pelvic floor muscles and ligaments

Pelvic pain during pregnancy may vary across trimesters:

  • First Trimester:
    • Pelvic cramps may result from uterine expansion, bladder issues, constipation, or discomfort during intercourse.
  • Second Trimester:
    • The release of relaxin (a hormone) makes pelvic joints more flexible. Coupled with the growing fetus’s weight, this can lead to pelvic and lower back pain.
  • Third Trimester:
    • The uterus’s weight and the baby’s descending head increase pressure on pelvic muscles and joints, often causing more severe discomfort.

One-Sided Pelvic Pain

Unilateral pelvic pain or one-sided pelvic pain may be due to many causes. Mild pain on one side of the pelvis occurs due to ovulation on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. It is called Mittelschmerz and is usually treated with mild painkillers.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Endometriosis, Ovarian Cysts, Ectopic Pregnancy, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Urinary Tract Issues may all present with one-sided pelvic pain or lower pelvic pain.

Mild pelvic pain is generally not a reason for alarm; however, it is always prudent to talk to a healthcare professional.

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